Introduction & Background: The historical evolution of concepts of the mind has had a tremendous impact on human civilization. Aside from Smith surgical papyrus, there exists practically no documentation down to the era of Hippocrates. While in Corpus, the seat of all sensations is put in the Brain, there is an amazing regression, for many centuries thereafter notably influenced by Aristotle, to displace it to the heart. This erroneous diversion promulgated in De Anima with minor corrections by Galen, has per-peculated to our time when we say, for example, that we love something with our very hearts or knowing by heart when we mean to memorize something. Avicenna challenged many of Aristotle ideas in El-monads (psychology) section of Al Shafer, paving the road for the later European Renaissance. Cartesian choice of pineal body as the seat of soul in the first half of the 7th century was a fundamental departure from Brain-soul dichotomy. It was followed by Galls pseudo-science, phrenology, as the first attempt of Brain mapping in ascribing mental faculties to the speculative organ of the Brain. Brain mapping through Functional Brain imaging has flourished ex-pensively in the past decades -starting from PET with later substitution by firm- as robust tools for interred-gating mysteries of the Brain. With a surprising pace of development, Functional Brain imaging heralds a welcome adjunct to the science of radiology in ex-poring mind and human behavior. Given the multi-tide of appropriate MRI machines operating across the country, attention to this aspect of imaging can invigorate research in radiology and boost generation of knowledge in this rapidly growing field. Recent advances in MRI fast imaging, firm, as well as cline-cal and spectroscopic imaging with present clinical application and future trends are discussed. 

Introduction: FMRI is a new approach in MRI to provide Functional data of human Brain activities. Some methods such as BOLD contrast, perfusion imaging, diffusion imaging, and spectroscopy in MRI have used to yield Functional images.Material and Methods: This research was performed in imaging center of IMAM KHOMEINI hospital in TEHRAN in 1997. The experiments were performed on a conventional 1.5- T picker MR instrument, using a standard head coil. CE – FAST gradient echo images were obtained (TR=100, TE = 35, 128*256 matrix, 10 mm slice, FOV = 250 mm, F.A =25 Degree, NEX = 1, 13 s per image). Images were obtained during sensory - motor stimulation by pressing fingers to each other, coronal oblique images were acquired through central sulcus (precentral gyrus) where the related sensory cortex is. Then, the Images were transferred to personal computers in order to eliminate noise and highlight the Functional differences. These images were processed by various mathematical methods such as subtraction and student T- test.Results: Although some changes were seen in Functional area, there were not significant results by the conventional system protocols. Some new protocols were designed and implemented to increase the sensitivity of the system to Functional changes.Discussion: However, more research needs to be done in the future to obtain faster and more efficient techniques and in regard to clinical applications of the method.

Background and Aim: Neuroimaging techniques in audiovisual speech processing are innovative approach to neuroscience investigation that steadily influences the deep survey of highly mechanisms involved in this process. The purpose of this study was to evaluate Brain activity via Functional magnetic resonance imaging throughout audiovisual speech perception in Persian language.Methods: Functional MRI was used to assess 19 normal 20-30 year old women while they had been presented syllable /ka/ visually and /pa/ auditory using block design method, in which it would provide two series of imaging, Functional and T1-weighted. Subsequently, the results were analyzed and compared by FSL software.Results: The results of this study pointed out that both middle and cortical regions of Brain are activated in visual stimuli and its middle regions are activated in response to auditory stimuli. Hence, left anterior supramarginal, some parts of motor speech system including insular and cingulate cortexprecentral cortex were stimulated with visual stimulus and left posterior supramarginal as well as right supramarginal gyrus were stimulated with auditory stimulus. Moreover, in this investigation, McGurk effect was behaviorally proven in fifteen subjects.Conclusion: It was hypothesized that the activation of unique region, supramarginal gyrus, with both audio and visual stimuli indicated the presence of commonplace region for phonologic processing of sensory inputs. In addition, auditory stimuli develop more intense activity; and on the other hand, broaden-maximum voxel-as well as extra regions are demonstrated in response to visual stimuli. These points represent the unfamiliarity of normal individual Brain to percept visual speech stimuli.